C# VS Java
C# and Java are both new-generation languages descended from a line including C and C++. Each includes advanced features, like garbage collection, which remove some of the low level maintenance tasks from the programmer. In a lot of areas they are syntactically similar.
Both C# and Java compile initially to an intermediate language: C# to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), and Java to Java bytecode. In each case the intermediate language can be run – by interpretation or just-in-time compilation – on an appropriate ‘virtual machine’. In C#, however, more support is given for the further compilation of the intermediate language code into native code.
C# contains more primitive data types than Java and also allows more extension to the value types. For example, C# supports ‘enumerations’, type-safe value types which are limited to a defined set of constant variables , and ‘structs’, which are user-defined value types . (Note: Java doesn’t have enumerations, but there is a standard way of emulating them – see http://java.sun.com/developer/JDCTechTips/2001/tt0807.html#tip2)
Unlike Java, C# has the useful feature that we can overload various operators.
Like Java, C# gives up on multiple class inheritance in favour of a single inheritance model extended by the multiple inheritance of interfaces . However, polymorphism is handled in a more complicated fashion, with derived class methods either ‘overriding’ or ‘hiding’ super class methods
C# also uses ‘delegates’ – type-safe method pointers.These are used to implement event-handling.
In Java, multi-dimensional arrays are implemented solely with single-dimensional arrays (where arrays can be members of other arrays. In addition to jagged arrays, however, C# also implements genuine rectangular arrays.
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